ABSTRACT
The new threat, which the SARS-COV-2 virus turned out to be two years ago, meant that mining companies had to face this c halle nge. The rapidly deteriorating situation, the continuous increase in the number of coronavirus infections and the severe course of the disease contributed to the development of new rules and procedures in the operation of mining plants. They were to guarantee all employees, especially those working underground, a sense of peace and security, as well as ensuring the continuity of maintenance and operation of plants. This "unique challenge" resulted in the companies developing best practices during the pandemic, which were based primarily on efficient and reliable internal communication shaping safe behavior of employees. This publication presents the internal communication models developed and used by various mining companies, which shaped the safe behavior of employees in the raw materials sector during the coronavirus pandemic. The authors compared the introduced actions shaping safe behavior and the resulting models of internal communication during extraordinary work. A comparative analysis of the communication tools used in individual models was made on the example of selected companies from the raw materials sector. © 2022 Polish Mineral Engineering Society. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Background. Casirivimab and imdevimab (CAS/IMDEV) is authorized for emergency use in the US for outpatients with COVID-19. We present results from patient cohorts receiving low flow or no supplemental oxygen at baseline from a phase 1/2/3, randomized, double-blinded, placebo (PBO)-controlled trial of CAS/IMDEV in hospitalized patients (pts) with COVID-19. Methods. Hospitalized COVID-19 pts were randomized 1:1:1 to 2.4 g or 8.0 g of IV CAS/IMDEV (co-administered) or PBO. Primary endpoints were time-weighted average (TWA) change in viral load from baseline (Day 1) to Day 7;proportion of pts who died or went on mechanical ventilation (MV) through Day 29. Safety was evaluated through Day 57. The study was terminated early due to low enrollment (no safety concerns). Results. Analysis was performed in pooled cohorts (low flow or no supplemental oxygen) as well as combined treatment doses (2.4 g and 8.0 g). The prespecified primary virologic analysis was in seronegative (seroneg) pts (combined dose group n=360;PBO n=160), where treatment with CAS/IMDEV led to a significant reduction in viral load from Day 1-7 (TWA change: LS mean (SE): -0.28 (0.12);95% CI: -0.51, -0.05;P=0.0172;Fig. 1). The primary clinical analysis had a strong positive trend, though it did not reach statistical significance (P=0.2048), and 4/6 clinical endpoints prespecified for hypothesis testing were nominally significant (Table 1). In seroneg pts, there was a 47.0% relative risk reduction (RRR) in the proportion of pts who died or went on MV from Day 1-29 (10.3% treated vs 19.4% PBO;nominal P=0.0061;Fig. 2). There was a 55.6% (6.7% treated vs 15.0% PBO;nominal P=0.0032) and 35.9% (7.3% treated vs 11.5% PBO;nominal P=0.0178) RRR in the prespecified secondary endpoint of mortality by Day 29 in seroneg pts and the overall population, respectively (Fig. 2). No harm was seen in seropositive patients, and no safety events of concern were identified. Conclusion. Co-administration of CAS/IMDEV led to a significant reduction in viral load in hospitalized, seroneg pts requiring low flow or no supplemental oxygen. In seroneg pts and the overall population, treatment also demonstrated clinically meaningful, nominally significant reductions in 28-day mortality and proportion of pts dying or requiring MV.